Introduction: Self-­doubt is a pervasive yet often unspoken experience among mental health clinicians, manifesting as moments of uncertainty in which they question their ability to make sound clinical judgements, support therapeutic progress, or meet pro­ fessional expectations. This study aimed to deepen understanding of self-­doubt as a complex, nuanced, and meaningful aspect of clinical practice, exploring how it shapes clinicians' professional experience, decision-­making, and personal growth. Methods: Using descriptive phenomenology, the lived experiences of self-­doubt among 12 Filipino licensed psychologists were examined. Data were collected through in-­depth, semi-­structured interviews and analysed using thematic analysis to capture the nua nced and contextualised experiences of participants. Results: Analysis revealed five core themes: the Inner Critic, the Contextual Triggers, the Demanding Pressure, the Double-­Edged Sword, and the Reflective Space. Findings indicate that self-­doubt is not inherently detrimental; it can function as a regulatory mechanism that fosters humility, ethical sensitivity, and heightened self-­awareness when approached with reflection, supervi­ sion, and self-­compassion. Conclusions: These findings suggest the potential value of creating supervisory, organisational, and peer contexts that acknowl­ edge, normalise, and provide structured opportunities to reflect on experiences of professional self-­doubt. While the present study d

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Background Inflammation is intricately linked to the development of various diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular dis­ eases, and cancer. Flavonoids, commonly found in plants, are known for their diverse health benefits, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These compounds are categorized into different classes based on their chemical struc­ ture. structures. However, limited research has compared the effects of flavonoid aglycones and flavonoid glycosides. This study aims to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of naringenin and its glycosides (naringin and narirutin) in RAW264.7 macrophages. Methods and Results RAW264.7 cells were treated with naringenin, naringin, and narirutin, followed by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. The l evels of inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL1β), nitric oxide (NO), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), were assessed. Additionally, the study examined nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation using western blot analysis. Among the compounds tested, narirutin exhibited the most potent anti-inflammatory effect against TNF-α, NO, and iNOS. Naringin and narirutin showed comparable inhibitory effects on IL-1β and COX-2. Both naringin and narirutin suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators by targeting different levels of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Naringenin demonstrated the weakest anti-inflammatory effect, primarily inhibiting NF-κB and reducing the phosphoryla­ tion levels of p38. Conclusions This study suggests that the presence of glycosides on naringenin and the varied binding forms of sugars in naringenin glycosides significantly influence t he anti-inflammatory effects compared with naringenin in RAW 264.7 macrophages.

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This paper is devoted to the development of a hybrid software architecture based on artificial intelligence using UML case diagram to model the functional requirements of the system. The study considers the use of precedent diagrams as a tool for identifying and formalizing interactions between users and the system. The essence of the hybrid approach is that artificial intelligence components will be used to ensure that the software capability is increased. Particular attention is paid to the methods of describing and analyzing requirements, which allows you to accurately determine the system's behavior at the early stages of design. The work can be useful in creating complex artificial intelligence systems. Keywords: artificial intelligence, precedent diagram, use case diagram, hybrid approach , software architecture, machine learning, neural networks, large language model. 1. INTRODUCTION Today, the software industry requires new approaches to solve complex problems that can process big data. One of the modern approaches is the creation of a hybrid software architecture based on artificial intelligence methods and technology that can adapt to changing conditions. Hybrid software architecture allows making decisions and processing big data in real time. The relevance of these approaches is the application for solving the development of a system for assessing knowledge, which requires accuracy, adaptability and speed of processing user data. The main aspect

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: The catalytic efficiency of natural enzymes depends on the precise electronic interactions between active centers and cofactors within a three-dimensional (3D) structure. Single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes) attempt to mimic this structure by modifying metal active sites with molecular ligands. However, SAzymes struggle to match the catalytic efficiency of natural enzymes due to constraints in active site proximity, quantity, and the inability to simulate electron transfer processes driven by internal electronic structures of natural enzymes. This study introduces a universal spatial engineering strategy in which molecular ligands are replaced with graphdiyne (GDY) to induce d-π orbital hybridization with copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs), leading to an asymmetric elect ron-rich distribution along the longitudinal axis that mimics the local electric field of natural laccase. Moreover, multiple sp bonds within GDY scaffold effectively anchor Cu NPs, facilitating the construction of 3D geometric structure similar to that of natural laccase. An enzymatic activity of 82.53 Umg—1 is achieved, 4.72 times higher than that of natural laccase. By reconstructing both 3D structures and local electric fields of natural enzymes through d-π orbital hybridization, this approach enhances electron interactions between cofactors, active centers, and substrates, and offers a versatile framework for biomimetic design of nanozymes. ≡ Research Article Angewandte Chemie and synergy observed in natural cyt

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