Food-borne bacterial pathogens remain a major public health concern, causing extensive illness and economic losses worldwide. Conventional detection methods are often slow and insufficient for identifying viable but non-culturable pathogens. Recent microbiological, biotechnological and bioinformatic advances have markedly improved food safety monitoring. Rapid molecular assays (PCR, qPCR, microarrays), next-generation sequencing, metagenomics, and emerg ing CRISPR-based diagnostics enable faster and more accurate pathogen detection and outbreak tracing. Bioinformatic tools—including genomic databases, phylogenetics, and machine-learning models—support predictive risk assessment and real-time surveillance. Preventive innovations such as bacteriophages, probiotics, antimicrobial pe ptides, nanotechnologybased interventions, and engineered microbes provide sustainable alternatives to chemical preservatives. Key challenges include variability across food matrices, biosafety considerations, and limited integration of multi-omics approaches into routine workflows. Overall, these emerging strategies offer improved precision and responsiveness for detecting and pre venting food-borne bacterial pathogens. Received: 6 November 2025 / Revised: 12 December 2025 / Accepted: 17 December 2025 / Published online: 12 January 2026 © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025 Food-borne bacterial pathogens: emerging approaches in detection and prevention Zaryab Shafi1 · Mohammad Shahid2 · Rahul Singh3 1 3 Archives of Microbiology (2026) 208:109
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