: Deformity and tissue loss involving the craniomaxillofacial region occurs frequently as a result of trauma, oncologic resection, or a congenital malformation. In order to maximize the patient’s quality of life, reconstruction of the craniomaxillofacial skeleton must seek to restore aesthetics as well as function. Advances in diagnostic technology, surgical technique, instrumentation, and innovative biomaterials used have transformed the way reconstructive surgeons approach their patients’ needs. From the advent of alloplastic reconstruction, surgeons have sought the ideal material for use in craniomaxillofacial surgery. Substances such as metals, ceramics, glasses, and more recently resorbable polymers and bioactive materials have all been utilized. While autologous bone has remained widely-favored and the gold standard, synthetic alternatives remain a necessity when autologous reconstruction is not readily available. Today, alloplastic material, autografting via microvascular tissue transfer, hormone and growth factor-induced bone formation, and computer-aided design and manufacturing of biocompatible implants represent only a fraction of a wide range of options used in the reconstruction of the craniomaxillofacial skeleton. We present a brief review of the materials used in the repair of deformities of the craniomaxillofacial skeleton as well as a look into the potential future direction of the field. Key Words: Alloplastic, bone, bone cement, craniofacial, craniopl

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Food-borne bacterial pathogens remain a major public health concern, causing extensive illness and economic losses worldwide. Conventional detection methods are often slow and insufficient for identifying viable but non-culturable pathogens. Recent microbiological, biotechnological and bioinformatic advances have markedly improved food safety monitoring. Rapid molecular assays (PCR, qPCR, microarrays), next-generation sequencing, metagenomics, and emerg­ ing CRISPR-based diagnostics enable faster and more accurate pathogen detection and outbreak tracing. Bioinformatic tools—including genomic databases, phylogenetics, and machine-learning models—support predictive risk assessment and real-time surveillance. Preventive innovations such as bacteriophages, probiotics, antimicrobial pe ptides, nanotechnologybased interventions, and engineered microbes provide sustainable alternatives to chemical preservatives. Key challenges include variability across food matrices, biosafety considerations, and limited integration of multi-omics approaches into routine workflows. Overall, these emerging strategies offer improved precision and responsiveness for detecting and pre­ venting food-borne bacterial pathogens. Received: 6 November 2025 / Revised: 12 December 2025 / Accepted: 17 December 2025 / Published online: 12 January 2026 © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025 Food-borne bacterial pathogens: emerging approaches in detection and prevention Zaryab Shafi1 · Mohammad Shahid2 · Rahul Singh3 1 3 Archives of Microbiology (2026) 208:109

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Foodborne pathogenic bacteria are one of the main factors causing food safety issues. The rapid and accurate detection of pathogenic bacteria using molecular techniques is an effective and powerful strategy for preventing and controlling outbreaks of foodborne diseases, thereby ensuring food safety. This article summarizes the rapid and efficient molecular diagnostic techniques for detecting pathogenic bacteria, including polymerase chain reaction and its derivatives, isothermal amplification, DNA hybridization, genomic sequencing, and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (CRISPR/Cas)-based detection technique. Through a comparative analysis of the technical principles, advantages, and potential limitations of these diagnostic methods, as well as an outlook on the future devel­ opment directions for molecular biological detection technology, which will provide a valuable reference for developing more accurate, convenient, and sensitive methods for foodborne pathogens detection, and will help better address the challenges posed by foodborne diseases, thereby ensuring public health and safety.

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This study aimed to compare the biological performance of a hydraulic calcium silicate cement (EndocemMTA Premixed) containing dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), developed to improve handling properties, in comparison with ProRoot mineral trioxide aggregate and Biodentine. Human dental pulp cells were used for in vitro evaluation of cytocompatibility, cell migration and cell–material interactions. Odontogenic differentiation was assessed using a 3D culture model designed to simulate the clinical environment. Pulp capping was performed in vivo on rat maxillary molars, and reparative dentin formation and pulpal inflammatory responses were evaluated using micro-computed tomography (μCT) and histological analyses. In vitro, all investigated materials exhibited comparabl e cytocompatibility, cell migratory behaviour and odontogenic marker expression, with no significant differences among study groups. The μCT analysis demonstrated significantly greater reparative dentin formation in all experimental groups compared with the control, with Biodentine producing a higher dentin volume than EndocemMTA Premixed. Histological evaluation revealed no significant differences among the experimental groups with respect to pulpal inflammation or dentin bridge continuity. These findings suggest that the incorporation of DMSO into premixed formulations would not adversely affect cytocompatibility or pulp healing. Moreover, the 3D model used in this study might serve as a clinically releva

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While there has been a good deal of recent research about teaching transgender singers, less has been written specifically about gender non-binary singers. When the author was approached by a student who shared that they were gender non-binary, the author exam­ ined her pedagogy to make the classroom a more inclusive space. Using a Performance as Research methodology, the author sur­ veyed and recorded verbal interviews with her students and dis­ covered that Estill Voice Training (EVT), the foundation of the voice training in her classes, is built to support inclusivity. In this article, the author, an Estill Master Trainer, shares her journey of working with non-binary students. Definitions and vocabulary of gender identity are discussed and the ways in which EVT supports inclusion in the voice studio ar e explored. At its core, EVT is free of aesthetic bias and aims to train all voices to sing in all voice qualities, supporting students’ identities and natural singing voices. By focus­ ing on anatomy, EVT uses gender bias-free terminology and offers unlimited vocal options. In addition to detailing the ways in which EVT is an ideal model for teaching gender non-binary singers, the author offers other recommendations for fostering an inclusive environment in the classroom. KEYWORDS Voice; singing; Estill; gender; non-binary; pronouns; inclusion Introduction “Everyone has a beautiful voice.” This quote by Jo Estill, founder of Estill Voice Training®, inspi

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: Solution-processed metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have been rapidly developed worldwide, with much attention to fluid dynamic, fluid crystallization, and fluid interfaces, all falling within the realm of fluid chemistry. It is widely recognized that the theory of fluid chemistry has been proven to provide an effective means for the improvement of perovskite crystallization and the enhancement of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) performance. In this review, the fluid behavior, microfluidic synthesis, and aging process of perovskite materials are first investigated, with emphasis on the related improvement methods and chemical mechanisms. Second, the internal crystallization chemistry, external interface chemistry, and the large-area PSCs based on the fluid chemistry are discussed. Finally, four specific direc tions for future studies of fluid chemistry of MHPs are proposed, aiming to harness the theoretical advantages of fluid chemistry and contribute to the industrialization of PSCs. 1. Introduction Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) that is now competitive with that of silicon photovoltaic cells, owing to their versatility in molecular designs, lightweight nature, easy processability, and integration potential into diverse applications.[1–5] In comparison with traditional photoelectric devices, solutionprocessed devices benefit from the layer-by-layer solution process, which enables them to have high material utilization, low

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Introduction: Self-­doubt is a pervasive yet often unspoken experience among mental health clinicians, manifesting as moments of uncertainty in which they question their ability to make sound clinical judgements, support therapeutic progress, or meet pro­ fessional expectations. This study aimed to deepen understanding of self-­doubt as a complex, nuanced, and meaningful aspect of clinical practice, exploring how it shapes clinicians' professional experience, decision-­making, and personal growth. Methods: Using descriptive phenomenology, the lived experiences of self-­doubt among 12 Filipino licensed psychologists were examined. Data were collected through in-­depth, semi-­structured interviews and analysed using thematic analysis to capture the nua nced and contextualised experiences of participants. Results: Analysis revealed five core themes: the Inner Critic, the Contextual Triggers, the Demanding Pressure, the Double-­Edged Sword, and the Reflective Space. Findings indicate that self-­doubt is not inherently detrimental; it can function as a regulatory mechanism that fosters humility, ethical sensitivity, and heightened self-­awareness when approached with reflection, supervi­ sion, and self-­compassion. Conclusions: These findings suggest the potential value of creating supervisory, organisational, and peer contexts that acknowl­ edge, normalise, and provide structured opportunities to reflect on experiences of professional self-­doubt. While the present study d

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Background Inflammation is intricately linked to the development of various diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular dis­ eases, and cancer. Flavonoids, commonly found in plants, are known for their diverse health benefits, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These compounds are categorized into different classes based on their chemical struc­ ture. structures. However, limited research has compared the effects of flavonoid aglycones and flavonoid glycosides. This study aims to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of naringenin and its glycosides (naringin and narirutin) in RAW264.7 macrophages. Methods and Results RAW264.7 cells were treated with naringenin, naringin, and narirutin, followed by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. The l evels of inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL1β), nitric oxide (NO), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), were assessed. Additionally, the study examined nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation using western blot analysis. Among the compounds tested, narirutin exhibited the most potent anti-inflammatory effect against TNF-α, NO, and iNOS. Naringin and narirutin showed comparable inhibitory effects on IL-1β and COX-2. Both naringin and narirutin suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators by targeting different levels of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Naringenin demonstrated the weakest anti-inflammatory effect, primarily inhibiting NF-κB and reducing the phosphoryla­ tion levels of p38. Conclusions This study suggests that the presence of glycosides on naringenin and the varied binding forms of sugars in naringenin glycosides significantly influence t he anti-inflammatory effects compared with naringenin in RAW 264.7 macrophages.

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This paper is devoted to the development of a hybrid software architecture based on artificial intelligence using UML case diagram to model the functional requirements of the system. The study considers the use of precedent diagrams as a tool for identifying and formalizing interactions between users and the system. The essence of the hybrid approach is that artificial intelligence components will be used to ensure that the software capability is increased. Particular attention is paid to the methods of describing and analyzing requirements, which allows you to accurately determine the system's behavior at the early stages of design. The work can be useful in creating complex artificial intelligence systems. Keywords: artificial intelligence, precedent diagram, use case diagram, hybrid approach , software architecture, machine learning, neural networks, large language model. 1. INTRODUCTION Today, the software industry requires new approaches to solve complex problems that can process big data. One of the modern approaches is the creation of a hybrid software architecture based on artificial intelligence methods and technology that can adapt to changing conditions. Hybrid software architecture allows making decisions and processing big data in real time. The relevance of these approaches is the application for solving the development of a system for assessing knowledge, which requires accuracy, adaptability and speed of processing user data. The main aspect

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: The catalytic efficiency of natural enzymes depends on the precise electronic interactions between active centers and cofactors within a three-dimensional (3D) structure. Single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes) attempt to mimic this structure by modifying metal active sites with molecular ligands. However, SAzymes struggle to match the catalytic efficiency of natural enzymes due to constraints in active site proximity, quantity, and the inability to simulate electron transfer processes driven by internal electronic structures of natural enzymes. This study introduces a universal spatial engineering strategy in which molecular ligands are replaced with graphdiyne (GDY) to induce d-π orbital hybridization with copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs), leading to an asymmetric elect ron-rich distribution along the longitudinal axis that mimics the local electric field of natural laccase. Moreover, multiple sp bonds within GDY scaffold effectively anchor Cu NPs, facilitating the construction of 3D geometric structure similar to that of natural laccase. An enzymatic activity of 82.53 Umg—1 is achieved, 4.72 times higher than that of natural laccase. By reconstructing both 3D structures and local electric fields of natural enzymes through d-π orbital hybridization, this approach enhances electron interactions between cofactors, active centers, and substrates, and offers a versatile framework for biomimetic design of nanozymes. ≡ Research Article Angewandte Chemie and synergy observed in natural cyt

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